Part Number Hot Search : 
MBZ5230 BC856AT UCN5821 LSC2617 74HCT3 PN8545 2N6295 13003X
Product Description
Full Text Search
 

To Download SIT1532 Datasheet File

  If you can't view the Datasheet, Please click here to try to view without PDF Reader .  
 
 


  Datasheet File OCR Text:
  SIT1532 smallest footprint (1.2mm 2 ) csp 10 ppm ultra - low power 32.768 khz xtal replacement features ? smallest footprint in chip - scale (csp): 1.5 x 0.8 mm ? fixed 32.768 khz ? <10 ppm frequency tolerance ? ultra - low power: <1 a ? directly interfaces to xtal inputs ? supports coin - cell or super - cap battery backup voltages ? vdd supply range: 1.5v to 3.63v over - 40c to +85c ? oscillator output eliminates external load caps ? internal filtering eliminates external vdd bypass cap ? nanodrive? programmable output swing for lowest power ? pb - free, rohs and reach compliant applications ? mobile phones ? tablets ? health and wellness monitors ? fitness watches ? sport video cams ? wireless keypads ? ultra - small notebook pc ? pulse - per - second (pps) timekeeping ? rtc reference clock ? battery management timekeeping electrical specifications table 1 . elect rical characteristics parameter symbol min. typ. max. unit condition frequency and stability fixed output frequency fout 32.768 khz frequency stability frequency tolerance [ 1 ] f_tol 10 ppm t a = 25c, post reflow, vdd: 1.5 v C 3.63v. 20 ppm t a = 25c, post reflow with board - level underfill, vdd: 1.5v C 3.63v. frequency stability [ 2 ] f_stab 75 ppm t a = - 10c to +70c, vdd: 1.5v C 3.63v. 100 t a = - 40c to +85c, vdd: 1.5v C 3.63v. 250 t a = - 10c to +70c, vdd: 1.2v C 1.5v. 25c aging - 1 1 ppm 1st year supply voltage and current consumption operating supply voltage vdd 1.2 3.63 v t a = - 10c to +70c 1.5 3.63 v t a = - 40c to +85c core operating current [ 3 ] idd 0.90 a t a = 25c, vdd: 1.8v. no load 1.3 t a = - 10c to +70c, vdd max: 3.63v. no load 1.4 t a = - 40c to +85c, vdd max: 3.63v. no load output stage operating current [ 3 ] idd_out 0.065 0.125 a /vpp t a = - 40c to +85c, vdd: 1.5v C 3.63v. no load power - supply ramp t_vdd ramp 100 ms vdd ramp - up from 0 to 90%, t a = - 40c to +85c start - up time at power - up [ 4 ] t_start 180 300 ms t a = - 40c t a +50c, valid output 450 t a = +50c < t a +85c, valid output operating temperature range commercial temperature t_use - 10 70 c industrial temperature - 40 85 c notes: 1. measured peak - to - peak. tested with agilent 53132a frequency counter. due to the low operatin g frequency, the gate time must be 100 ms to ensure an accurate frequency measurement. 2. measured peak - to - peak. inclusive of initial tolerance at 25c, and variations over operating temperature, rated power supply voltage and load. stability is specified fo r two operating voltage ranges. stability progressively degrades with supply voltage below 1.5v. 3. core operating current does not include output driver operating current or load current. to derive total operating current (n o load), add core operating curren t + (0.065 a/v) * (output voltage swing). 4. measured from the time vdd reaches 1.5v. rev 1.26 january 16, 2018 www.sitime.com
sit 1532 smallest footprint (1.2mm 2 ) csp , 10 ppm ultra - low power 32.768 khz xtal replacement rev 1.26 page 2 of 12 www.sitime.com table 1 . electrical characteristics (continued) parameter symbol min. typ. max. unit condition lvcmos output option, t a = - 40c to +85c, typical values are at t a = 25c output rise/fall time tr, tf 100 200 ns 10 - 90% (vdd), 15 pf loa d, vdd = 1.5v to 3.63v 50 10 - 90% (vdd), 5 pf load, vdd 1.62v output clock duty cycle dc 48 52 % output voltage high voh 90% v vdd: 1.5v C 3.63v. i oh = - 10 a, 15 pf output voltage low vol 10% v vdd: 1.5v C 3.63v. i ol = 10 a, 15 pf nanodrive? programmable, reduced swing output output rise/fall time tf, tf 200 ns 30 - 70% (v ol /v oh ), 10 pf load output clock duty cycle dc 48 52 % ac - coupled programmable output swing v_sw 0.20 to 0.80 v SIT1532 does not internally ac - couple. this output description is intended for a receiver that is ac - coupled. see table 5 for acceptable nanodrive swing options. vdd: 1.5v C 3.63v, 10 pf load, i oh / i ol = 0.2 a. dc - biased programmable output voltage high range voh 0.60 to 1.225 v vdd: 1.5v C 3.63v. i oh = - 0.2 a, 10 pf load. see table 4 for acceptable v oh /v ol setting levels. dc - biased programmable output voltage lo w range vol 0.35 to 0.80 v vdd: 1.5v C 3.63v. i ol = 0.2 a, 10 pf load. see table 4 for acceptable v oh /v ol setting levels. programmable output voltage swing tolerance - 0.055 0.055 v t a = - 40c to +85c, vdd = 1.5v to 3.63v. jitter period jitter t_jitt 35 ns rms cycles = 10,000, t a = 25c, vdd = 1.5v C 3.63v table 2 . pin configuration csp package (top view) figure 1 . pin assignments pin symbol i/o functionality 1, 4 gnd power supply ground connect to ground. acceptable to connect p in 1 and 4 together. both pins must be connected to gnd. 2 clk out out oscillator clock output. the clk can drive into a ref clk input or into an asic or chip - sets 32khz xtal input. when driving into an asic or chip - set oscillator input (x in and x out), the clk out is typically connected directly to the xtal in pin. no need for load capacitors. the output driver is intended to be insensitive to capacitive loading. 3 vdd power supply connect to power supply 1.2v vdd 3.63v. under normal operating cond itions, vdd does not require external bypass/decoupling capacitor(s). for more information about the internal power - supply filtering, see the power supply noise immunity section in the detai led description. contact factory for applications that require a wider operating supply voltage range. g n d v d d c l k o u t g n d 1 4 2 3
sit 1532 smallest footprint (1.2mm 2 ) csp , 10 ppm ultra - low power 32.768 khz xtal replacement rev 1.26 page 3 of 12 www.sitime.com system block diagram figure 2 . SIT1532 block diagram table 3 . absolute maximum limits attempted operation outside the absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the part. actual performance of the ic is only guaranteed within the operational specifications, not at absolute maximum ratings. parameter test condition value unit continuous power supply voltage range (vdd) - 0.5 to 3.63 v short duration maximum power supply voltage (vdd) <30 minutes 4. 0 v continuous maximum operating temperature range vdd = 1.5v - 3.63v 105 c short duration maximum operating temperature range vdd = 1.5v - 3.63v, 30 mins 125 c human body model esd protection jesd22 - a114 3000 v charge - device model (cdm) esd protect ion jesd22 - c101 750 v machine model (mm) esd protection jesd22 - a115 300 v latch - up tolerance jesd78 compliant mechanical shock resistance mil 883, method 2002 10,000 g mechanical vibration resistance mil 883, method 2007 70 g 1508 csp junction tempera ture 150 c u l t r a - l o w p o w e r p l l s u s t a i n i n g a m p r e g u l a t o r s u l t r a - l o w p o w e r d r i v e r v d d g n d c l k o u t d i v i d e r g n d m e m s r e s o n a t o r p r o g c o n t r o l t r i m p r o g
sit 1532 smallest footprint (1.2mm 2 ) csp , 10 ppm ultra - low power 32.768 khz xtal replacement rev 1.26 page 4 of 12 www.sitime.com description the SIT1532 is the worlds smallest, lowest power 32 khz oscillator optimized for mobile and other battery - powered applications. sitimes silicon mems technology enables the smallest footprint and chip - scale packaging. this de vice reduces the 32 khz footprint by as much as 85% compared to existing 2.0 x 1.2 mm smd xtal packages. unlike xtals, the SIT1532 oscillator output enables greater component placement flexibility and eliminates external load capacitors, thus saving additi onal component count and board space. and unlike standard oscillators, the SIT1532 features nanodrive?, a factory programmable output that reduces the voltage swing to minimize power. the 1.2v to 3.63v operating supply voltage range makes it an ideal solut ion for mobile applications that incorporate a low - voltage, battery - back - up source such as a coin - cell or super - cap. sitimes mems oscillators consist of mems resonators and a programmable analog circuit. our mems resonators are built with sitimes unique mems first? process. a key manufacturing step is episeal? during which the mems resonator is annealed with temperatures over 1000c. episeal creates an extremely strong, clean, vacuum chamber that encapsulates the mems resonator and ensures the best perfor mance and reliability. during episeal, a poly silicon cap is grown on top of the resonator cavity, which eliminates the need for additional cap wafers or other exotic packaging. as a result, sitimes mems resonator die can be used like any other semiconduc tor die. one unique result of sitimes mems first and episeal manufacturing processes is the capability to integrate sitimes mems die with a soc, asic, microprocessor or analog die within a package to eliminate external timing components and provide a hig hly integrated, smaller, cheaper solution to the customer. frequency stability the SIT1532 is factory calibrated (trimmed) to guarantee frequency stability to be less than 10 ppm at room temperature and less than 100 ppm over the full - 40c to +85c temper ature range. unlike quartz crystals that have a classic tuning fork parabola temperature curve with a 25c turnover point, the SIT1532 temperature coefficient is extremely flat across temperature. the device maintains less than 100 ppm frequency stability over the full operating temperature range when the operating voltage is be tween 1.5 and 3.63v as shown in figure 3 . functionality is guaranteed over the 1.2v C 3.63v operating supply voltage range. however, frequency stability deg rades below 1.5v and steadily degrades as it approaches the 1.2v minimum supply due to the internal regulator limitations. between 1.2v and 1.5v, the frequency stability is 250 ppm max over temperature. when measuring the SIT1532 output frequency with a fr equency counter, it is important to make sure the counter's gate time is > 100ms. the slow frequency of a 32khz clock will give false readings with faster gate times. contact sitime for applications that require a wider supply voltage range >3.63v or lower frequency options as low as 1hz. figure 3 . sitime vs. quartz power supply noise immunity in addition to eliminating external output load capacitors common with standard xtals, the SIT1532 includes special internal power supply filtering and thus, eliminates the need for an external vdd bypass - decoupling capacitor. this feature further simplifies the design and keeps the footprint as small as possible. intern al power supply filtering is designed to reject greater than 150 mvpp magnitude and frequency components through 10 mhz. output voltage the SIT1532 has two output voltage options. one option is a standard lvcmos output swing. the second option is the nano drive reduced swing output. output swing is customer specific and programmed between 200 mv and 800 mv. for dc - coupled applications, output v oh and v ol are individually factory programmed to the customers requirement . v oh programming range is between 600 mv and 1.225v in 100 mv increments. similarly, v ol programming range is between 350 mv and 800 mv. for example; a pmic or mcu is internally 1.8 v logic compatible, and requires a 1.2v v ih and a 0.6v v il . simply select SIT1532 nanodrive factory programming c ode to be d14 and the correct output thresholds will match the downstream pmic or mcu input requirements. interface logic will vary by manufacturer and we recommend that you review the input voltage requirements for the input interface. for dc - biased nan odrive output configuration, the minimum v ol is limited to 350mv and the maximum allowable swing (v oh C v ol ) is 750 mv. for example, 1.1v v oh and 400 mv v ol is acceptable, but 1.2v v oh and 400 mv v ol is not acceptable. when the output is interfacing to an xtal input that is internally ac - coupled, the SIT1532 output can be factory programmed to match the input swing requirements. for example, if a pmic or mcu input is internally ac - coupled and requires an 800 mv swing, then simply choose the SIT1532 nanodri ve programming code aa8 in the part number. it is important to note that the SIT1532 does not include internal ac - coupling capacitors. please see the part number ordering section a t the end of the datasheet for more information about the part number ordering scheme. sit153x industrial temp specification SIT1532 10ppm max @ 25 c quartz xtal - 160 to - 220 ppm over temp temperature (c) fre q uency stability (p p m)
sit 1532 smallest footprint (1.2mm 2 ) csp , 10 ppm ultra - low power 32.768 khz xtal replacement rev 1.26 page 5 of 12 www.sitime.com power - up the SIT1532 starts - up to a valid output frequency within 300 ms (180 ms typ). to ensure the device starts - up within the specified limit, make sure the power - s upply ramps - up in approximately 10 C 20 ms (to within 90% of vdd). start - up time is measured from the time vdd reaches 1.5v. for applications that operate between 1.2v and 1.5v, the start - up time will be typically 50 ms longer over temperature. SIT1532 nan odrive? figure 4 shows a typical output waveform of the SIT1532 (into a 10 pf load) when factory programmed for a 0. 70v swing and dc bias (v oh /v ol ) for 1.8v logic: example: ? nanodrive? part number coding: d14. example part number: SIT1532ai - j4 - d14 - 32.768 ? v oh = 1.1v, v ol = 0.4v (v_ sw = 0.70v) figure 4 . SIT1532ai - j4 - d14 - 32.768 output waveform (10 pf load) table 4 shows the supported nanodrive? v oh , v ol factory programming options . table 4 . acceptable v oh /v ol nanodrive ? levels nanodrive v oh (v) v ol (v) swing (mv) comments d26 1.2 0.6 600 55 1.8v logic compatible d14 1.1 0.4 700 55 1.8v logic compatible d74 0.7 0.4 300 55 xtal compatible aa3 n/a n/a 30 0 55 xtal compatible the values listed in table 4 are nominal values at 25c and will exhibit a tolerance of 55 mv across vdd and - 40c to 85c operating temperature range. SIT1532 full swing lvcmos output the SIT1532 can be factory programmed to generate full - swing lvcmos levels. figure 5 shows the typical waveform (vdd = 1.8v) at room temperature into a 15 pf load. example: ? lvcmos output part number coding is alw ays dcc ? example part number: SIT1532ai - j4 - dcc - 32.768 figure 5 . lvcmos waveform (vdd = 1.8v) into 15 pf load
sit 1532 smallest footprint (1.2mm 2 ) csp , 10 ppm ultra - low power 32.768 khz xtal replacement rev 1.26 page 6 of 12 www.sitime.com calculating load current no load supply current when calculating no - load power for the SIT1532, the core and output driver co mponents need to be added. since the output voltage swing can be programmed for reduced swing between 250 mv and 800 mv for ultra - low power applications, the output driver current is variable. therefore, no - load operating supply current is broken into two sections; core and output driver. the equation is as follows: total supply current (no load) = i dd core + (65na/v)(vout pp ) example 1: full - swing lvcmos ? vdd = 1.8v ? idd core = 900na (typ) ? vout pp = 1.8v supply current = 900na + (65na/v)(1.8v) = 1017na example 2: nanodrive? reduced swing ? vdd = 1.8v ? idd core = 900na (typ) ? vout pp ( d14 ) = v oh C v ol = 1.1v - 0. 4 v = 7 00mv suppl y current = 900na + (65na/v)(0.7 v) = 946 na total supply current with load to calculate the total supply current, including the load, follow the equation listed below. note the 30% reduction in power with nanodrive?. total current = idd core + idd output driver (65na/v*vout pp ) + load current (c*v*f) example 1: full - swing lvcmos ? vdd = 1.8v ? idd core = 900na ? load capacitance = 10pf ? idd output driv er: (65na/v)(1.8v) = 117na ? load current: (10pf)(1.8v)(32.768khz) = 590na ? total current = 900na + 117na + 590na = 1.6a example 2: nanodrive? reduced swing ? vdd = 1.8v ? idd core = 900na ? load capacitance = 10pf ? vout pp (d14 ): v oh C v ol = 1.1v - 0.4 v = 7 00mv ? idd output driver: (65na/v)(0.7 v) = 46 na ? load current: (10pf)(0.7 v)(32.768khz) = 229 na ? total current = 900na + 46na + 229na = 1.175a
sit 1532 smallest footprint (1.2mm 2 ) csp , 10 ppm ultra - low power 32.768 khz xtal replacement rev 1.26 page 7 of 12 www.sitime.com typical operating curves (t a = 25 c, vdd = 1.8v, unless otherwise stated) figure 6 . initial tolerance histogram figure 7 . frequency stability over temperature figure 8 . core current over temperature figure 9 . output stage current over temperature figure 10 . start - up time time (sec) vo l t a g e ( v ) temperature (c) temperature (c) n u m b e r o f d e v i c e s i n i t i a l t o l e r a n c e ( p p m ) t a = 2 5 c p o s t r e f l o w , n o u n d e r f i l l 3 0 2 5 2 0 1 0 5 - 1 5 - 1 0 - 5 0 5 1 0 1 5 1 5 min/max limit
sit 1532 smallest footprint (1.2mm 2 ) csp , 10 ppm ultra - low power 32.768 khz xtal replacement rev 1.26 page 8 of 12 www.sitime.com figure 11 . power supply noise rejection (150mv noise) figure 12 . na nodrive? output waveform (v oh = 1.1v, v ol = 0.4v; SIT1532ai - j4 - d14 - 32.768) figure 13 . lvcmos output waveform (v swing = 1.8v, SIT1532ai - j4 - dcc - 32.768) noise injection frequency (hz)
sit 1532 smallest footprint (1.2mm 2 ) csp , 10 ppm ultra - low power 32.768 khz xtal replacement rev 1.26 page 9 of 12 www.sitime.com dimensions and patterns package size C dimensions (unit: mm) recommended la nd pattern (unit: mm) 1.55 x 0.85 mm csp recommend 4 - mil (0.1mm) stencil thickness # 1 # 2 # 4 # 3 # 2 # 1 # 3 # 4 1 . 5 4 0 . 0 2 0 . 8 4 0 . 0 2 0 . 3 1 5 0 . 0 1 5 # 1 # 2 # 4 # 3 ( s o l d e r m a s k o p e n i n g s s h o w n w i t h d a s h e d l i n e a r o u n d n s m d p a d )
sit 1532 smallest footprint (1.2mm 2 ) csp , 10 ppm ultra - low power 32.768 khz xtal replacement rev 1.26 page 10 of 12 www.sitime.com manufacturing guidelines 1) no ultrasonic cleaning: do not subject the SIT1532 to an ultrasonic cleaning envi ronment. permanent damage or long term reliability issues to the mems structure may occur. 2) applying board - level underfill (bluf) to the device is acceptable, but will cause a shift in the frequency tolerance, as specified in the datasheet electrical table. tested with uf3810, uf3808, and fp4530 underfill. 3) reflow profile, per jesd22 - a113d. 4) for additional manufacturing guidelines and marking/tape - reel instructions, refer to sitime manufacturing notes .
sit 1532 smallest footprint (1.2mm 2 ) csp , 10 ppm ultra - low power 32.768 khz xtal replacement rev 1.26 page 11 of 12 www.sitime.com ordering information part number characters in blue represent the customer specific options. the other characters in the part number are fixed. the following examples illustrate how to select the appropriate temp range and output voltage requirements: example 1: SIT1532ai - j4 - d14 - 32.768 1) industrial temp & corresponding 100 ppm fr equency stability. note, 100 ppm is only available for the industrial temp range, and 75 ppm is only available for the commercial temp range. 2) output swing requirements: a) d = dc - coupled receiver b) 1 = v oh = 1.1v c) 4 = v ol = 400mv example 2: SIT1532ac - j5 - a a3 - 32.768 1) commercial temp & corresponding 75 ppm frequency stability. note, 100 ppm is only available for the industrial temp range, and 75 ppm is only available for the commercial temp range. 2) output swing requirements: a) a = ac - coupled receiver b) a = ac - c oupled receiver c) 3 = 300mv swing table 5 . acceptable v oh / v ol nanodrive? levels [ 5 ] nanodrive v oh (v) v ol (v) swing (mv) comments d26 1.2 0.6 600 55 1.8v logic compatible d14 1.1 0.4 700 55 1.8v logi c compatible d74 0.7 0.4 300 55 xtal compatible aa3 n/a n/a 300 55 xtal compatible note: 5. if these available options do not accommodate your application, contact factory for other nanodrive options. s i t 1 5 3 2 a i - j 4 - d 1 4 - 3 2 . 7 6 8 s o u t p u t c l o c k f r e q u e n c y 3 2 . 7 6 8 k h z p a r t f a m i l y s i t 1 5 3 2 r e v i s i o n l e t t e r a : i s t h e r e v i s i o n t e m p e r a t u r e r a n g e i : i n d u s t r i a l , - 4 0 t o 8 5 o c p a c k a g i n g c : c o m m e r c i a l , - 1 0 t o 7 0 o c p a c k a g e s i z e 1 . 5 m m x 0 . 8 m m c s p s : 8 m m t a p e & r e e l , 1 0 k u r e e l d : 8 m m t a p e & r e e l , 3 k u r e e l e : 8 m m t a p e & r e e l , 1 k u r e e l s a m p l e s i n c u t t a p e & r e e l s t r i p s f r e q u e n c y s t a b i l i t y 4 : 1 0 0 p p m ( - 4 0 t o 8 5 o c ) 5 : 7 5 p p m ( - 1 0 t o 7 0 o c ) o u t p u t v o l t a g e s e t t i n g d c c : l v c m o s o u t p u t n a n o d r i v e ? r e d u c e d s w i n g o u t p u t r e f e r t o t a b l e 2 f o r o u t p u t s e t t i n g o p t i o n s a : a c - c o u p l e d s i g n a l p a t h d : d c - c o u p l e d s i g n a l p a t h
sit 1532 smallest footprint (1.2mm 2 ) csp , 10 ppm ultra - low power 32.768 khz xtal replacement rev 1.26 page 12 of 12 www.sitime.com table 6 . revision history ve rsion release date change summary 1.0 0 9/ 0 2/ 20 14 rev 0.9 preliminary to rev 1.0 production release updated start - up time specification added typical operating plots separated initial tolerance spec for condition with and without underfill added manufactur ing guidelines section 1.1 10/14/ 20 14 improved start - up time at power - up spec added 5pf lvcmos rise/fall time spec 1.2 11/ 0 7/ 20 14 updated 5pf lvcmos rise/fall time spec 1.25 0 6/ 0 3/ 20 16 updated nanodrive section updated test conditions in the absolute ma ximum table 1.26 01 / 16/2018 updated spl , page layout changes sitime corporation , 5451 patrick henry drive , santa clara , ca 95054 , usa | phone: + 1 - 408 - 328 - 4400 | fax: +1 - 408 - 328 - 4439 ? sitime corporation 2014 - 201 8 . the information contained herein is sub ject to change at any time without notice. sitime assumes no responsibility or liability for any loss, damage or defect of a product which is caused in whole or in part by (i) use of any circuitry other than circuitry embodied in a sitime produc t, (ii) mis use or abuse including static discharge, neglect or accident, (iii) unauthorized modification or repairs which have been soldered or alte red during assembly and are not capable of being tested by sitime under its normal test conditions, or (iv) improper i nstallation, storage, handling, warehousing or transportation, or (v) being subjected to unusual physical, thermal, or electr ical stress. disclaimer: sitime makes no warranty of any kind, express or implied, with regard to this material, and specifically disclaims any and all express or implied warranties, either in fact or by operation of law, statutory or otherwise, including the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for use or a particular purpose, and any implied warranty arising from cours e of dealing or usage of trade, as well as any common - law duties relating to accuracy or lack of negligence, with respect to this material, any sitime product and any product documentation. products sold by sitime are not suitable or intended to be used in a life support application or component, to operate nuclear facilities, or in other mission critical applications where human life may be involved or at stake. all sales are made conditioned upon compliance with the critical uses policy set forth below. critical use exclusion policy buyer agrees not to use sitime's products for any application or in any components used in life support devices or to operate nuclear facilities or for use in other mission - critical applications or components where human life or property may be at stake. sitime owns all rights, title and interest to the intellectual property related to sitime's products, including any software, firmware, copyright, patent, or trademark. the sale of sitime products does not convey or imply any license under patent or other rights. sitime retains the copyright and trademark rights in all documents, catalogs and plans supplied pursuant to or ancillary to the sale of products or services by sitime. unless otherwise agreed to in writing by sitime, a ny reproduction, modification, translation, compilation, or representation of this material shall be strictly prohibited.


▲Up To Search▲   

 
Price & Availability of SIT1532

All Rights Reserved © IC-ON-LINE 2003 - 2022  

[Add Bookmark] [Contact Us] [Link exchange] [Privacy policy]
Mirror Sites :  [www.datasheet.hk]   [www.maxim4u.com]  [www.ic-on-line.cn] [www.ic-on-line.com] [www.ic-on-line.net] [www.alldatasheet.com.cn] [www.gdcy.com]  [www.gdcy.net]


 . . . . .
  We use cookies to deliver the best possible web experience and assist with our advertising efforts. By continuing to use this site, you consent to the use of cookies. For more information on cookies, please take a look at our Privacy Policy. X